A comprehensive table of sports terminologies across various sports:
Athletics
| Terminology | Description |
|---|
| Heptathlon | Seven-event contest |
| Decathlon | Ten-event contest |
| Hurdles | Jumping over obstacles |
| Relay | Team race with baton handoff |
| Sprint | Short-distance race |
| Marathon | Long-distance race (42.195 km) |
| Long Jump | Jumping for distance |
| Triple Jump | Hop, step, and jump |
| Pole Vault | Jumping over a bar using a pole |
| Shot Put | Throwing a heavy ball |
Basketball
| Terminology | Description |
|---|
| Dunk | Scoring by slamming the ball through the hoop |
| Triple-double | Double digits in three statistical categories |
| Alley-oop | Pass and mid-air score |
| Free Throw | Uncontested shot from the foul line |
| Rebound | Retrieving the ball after a missed shot |
| Shot Clock | Time limit for taking a shot |
| Slam Dunk | High-energy scoring move |
| Dribble | Bouncing the ball while moving |
| Assist | Pass that leads to a score |
| Steal | Taking the ball from an opponent |
Baseball
| Terminology | Description |
|---|
| Home Run | Hitting the ball out of the playing field |
| Grand Slam | Home run with bases loaded |
| Strikeout | Accumulating three strikes |
| Bunt | Gentle tap to advance runners |
| Double Play | Two outs in one play |
| Fastball | High-speed pitch |
| Fly Ball | Ball hit high into the air |
| Inning | Division of the game |
| Catcher | Player receiving pitches |
| Pitcher | Player throwing the ball |
Badminton
| Terminology | Description |
|---|
| Shuttlecock | Projectile, also called a birdie |
| Smash | Aggressive overhead shot |
| Drop Shot | Soft shot just clearing the net |
| Clear | High, deep shot |
| Drive | Fast, low shot |
| Net Shot | Close to the net shot |
| Rally | Sequence of shots |
| Serve | Beginning of a rally |
| Forehand | Stroke on racquet side |
| Backhand | Stroke on non-racquet side |
Boxing
| Terminology | Description |
|---|
| Knockout (KO) | Unable to continue within 10 seconds |
| Technical KO | Fight stopped by referee/doctor |
| Uppercut | Punch delivered from below |
| Jab | Quick, straight punch |
| Hook | Semicircular punch |
| Round | Timed segment of match |
| Southpaw | Left-handed boxer |
| Clinch | Holding to prevent punches |
| Split Decision | Judges score for different fighters |
| Undercard | Preliminary bouts |
Bridge
| Terminology | Description |
|---|
| Bidding | Determining the contract |
| Contract | Final bid specifying tricks |
| Declarer | Player playing the contract |
| Dummy | Declarer’s partner, face-up hand |
| Finesse | Strategy to win a trick |
| Trump | Suit designated with higher value |
| Void | No cards in a suit |
| Overcall | Opponent’s bid after opening |
| Rebid | Second bid by a player |
| Slam | Bid to take 12 or 13 tricks |
Billiards and Snooker
| Terminology | Description |
|---|
| Break | First shot of a game |
| Cue Ball | Ball struck by cue |
| Cushion | Padded edge of table |
| Frame | One game in a match |
| Pot | Pocketing a ball |
| Safety Shot | Defensive shot |
| Snooker | Difficult next shot |
| Baulk Line | Line for cue ball positioning |
| In-off | Cue ball into pocket |
| Double Kiss | Cue ball hits object ball twice |
Cricket
| Terminology | Description |
|---|
| LBW | Leg Before Wicket, mode of dismissal |
| Duck | Out without scoring |
| Yorker | Delivery near batsman’s feet |
| Century | Score of 100 runs or more |
| No Ball | Illegal delivery |
| Bouncer | Short-pitched delivery |
| Powerplay | Fielding restrictions |
| Maiden Over | Over with no runs scored |
| Silly Point | Close fielding position |
| Stumping | Dismissing out-of-crease batsman |
Cycling
| Terminology | Description |
|---|
| Peloton | Main group of riders |
| Breakaway | Riders ahead of peloton |
| Time Trial | Race against the clock |
| Drafting | Riding close to reduce wind resistance |
| Cadence | Pedal rate |
| Sprint | Final burst of speed |
| Climbing | Ascending hills/mountains |
| Pace Line | Drafting in a line |
| Derailleur | Gear-shifting device |
| Criterium | Short, closed-circuit race |
Chess
| Terminology | Description |
|---|
| Checkmate | Threatening the king with no escape |
| Stalemate | No legal moves, game drawn |
| Castling | King and rook move for defense |
| En Passant | Special pawn capture |
| Fork | Simultaneous attack on multiple pieces |
| Pin | Piece unable to move without exposing another |
| Skewer | Attack on two pieces in a line |
| Promotion | Pawn reaches the eighth rank and changes piece |
| Blunder | Major mistake |
| Endgame | Final stage of the game |
Football (Soccer)
| Terminology | Description |
|---|
| Offside | Ahead of the ball and second-last opponent |
| Corner Kick | Awarded after defending team touches ball over goal line |
| Hat-trick | Scoring three goals in a game |
| Free Kick | Awarded after a foul |
| Penalty Kick | Foul in penalty area, one-on-one with goalkeeper |
| Yellow Card | Caution for unsporting behavior |
| Red Card | Dismissal from the game |
| Throw-in | Restarting play from the touchline |
| Goal Kick | Restart after ball crosses goal line |
| Extra Time | Added time to decide match |
Golf
| Terminology | Description |
|---|
| Par | Standard strokes for a hole |
| Birdie | One stroke under par |
| Bogey | One stroke over par |
| Eagle | Two strokes under par |
| Fairway | Short grass area leading to hole |
| Green | Putting area |
| Handicap | Player’s ability measure |
| Hole-in-one | Ball in hole in one stroke |
| Putter | Club for putting |
| Tee | Starting point for a hole |
Gymnastics
| Terminology | Description |
|---|
| Vault | Sprint, springboard, flip off vault table |
| Balance Beam | Routine on narrow beam |
| Pommel Horse | Swinging movements on apparatus with handles |
| Floor Exercise | Acrobatic and dance routine |
| Uneven Bars | Routine on two parallel bars at different heights |
| Rings | Routine on suspended rings |
| Parallel Bars | Routine on parallel bars |
| Dismount | Finish with a controlled landing |
| Routine | Sequence of movements |
| Handstand | Vertical balancing on hands |
Horse Riding
| Terminology | Description |
|---|
| Dressage | Precision riding with horse |
| Show Jumping | Jumping over obstacles |
| Cross-Country | Long-distance, varied obstacles |
| Gallop | Fastest horse gait |
| Canter | Moderate-speed horse gait |
| Trot | Slow, rhythmic horse gait |
| Pony | Small horse |
| Bridle | Headgear for controlling horse |
| Saddle | Seat for rider |
| Equestrian | Related to horse riding |
Hockey
| Terminology | Description |
|---|
| Power Play | Advantage with more players on ice |
| Slap Shot | High-speed shot with swinging motion |
| Face-off | Starting play with puck |
| Hat-trick | Three goals by one player |
| Penalty Shot | One-on-one shot after foul |
| Breakaway | Unchallenged scoring chance |
| Blue Line | Divides attack and defense zones |
| Checking | Defensive body contact |
| Icing | Sending puck across both red lines |
| Puck | Disk used in hockey |
Polo
| Terminology | Description |
|---|
| Chukka | Periods in a polo match |
| Mallet | Stick used to hit the ball |
| Pony | Horse used in polo |
| Handicap | Player’s ability measure |
| Goal | Scoring area |
| Riding Off | Forcing opponent off course |
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